Skip to main content
Earth, Planets and Space
Download PDF

Volume 51 Supplement 7-8

Special Issue: Dynamics and Structure of the Mesopause Region (DYSMER)

  • Article
  • Published:

Planetary scale and tidal perturbations in mesospheric temperature observed by WINDII

Earth, Planets and Space volume 51, pages 593–610 (1999)Cite this article

Abstract

WINDII, the Wind Imaging Interferometer on the Upper Atmospheric Research Satellite measures winds and emission rates from selected excited metastable species. Here we report on measurements of the atmospheric Rayleigh scattering from the O(1S) background filter at 553 nm wavelength used to derive temperature profiles in the upper mesosphere from 70 km to 95 km, for solstice periods from December 1992/93 and January 1993/94. The data are first zonally averaged and then combined in local time over about one month. Based on these temperatures, an analysis of planetary wave structures and tidal perturbations employing least-mean-square (LMS) fits to the data has been conducted and the results are presented. The planetary wave structures observed were well described with a quasi two-day wave (QTDW). Amplitudes of 14 K and 10 K at 85 km height for downleg (descending) and upleg (ascending) sampling respectively at latitudes from 20°S to 40°S were found to be in good agreement with QTDW temperature results from the MLS/UARS experiment assuming a vertical amplitude structure of the type described by the HRDI/UARS mesospheric wind observations. It is shown that the diurnal tide amplitudes estimated from latitudes from 25°N to 35°S using the LMS fit maximize at the equator with an amplitude of about 6 K and decrease toward tropical latitudes, consistent with the classical tidal theory and predictions from the TIME-GCM model.

References

  • Akmaev, R. A., V. A. Yudin, and D. A. Ortland, SMLTM simulations of the diurnal tide: comparison with UARS observations, Ann. Geophysicae, 15, 1187–1197, 1997.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Burrage, M. D., M. E. Hagan, W. R. Skinner, D. L. Wu, and P. B. Hays, Long-term variability in the solar diurnal tide observed by HRDI and simulated by GSWM, Geophys. Res. Lett., 22, 2641–2644, 1995.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chahine, M., Generalization of the relaxation Method for the Inverse Solution of Nonlinear and Linear Transfer Equations, in Inversion Methods in Atmospheric Remote Sounding, edited by A. Deepak, Academic Press, pp. 67–116, 1977.

  • Clancy, R. T. and D. W. Rusch, Climatology and trends of mesospheric (58–90 km) temperatures based upon 1982–1986 SME limb scattering profiles, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 3377–3393, 1989.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Clancy, R. T., D. W. Rusch, and M. T. Callan, Temperature minima in the average thermal structure of the middle mesosphere (70–80 km) from analysis of 40- to 92-km SME global temperature profiles, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 19,001–19,020, 1994.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Clark, R. R., A. C. Current, A. H. Manson, C. E. Meek, S. K. Avery, S. E. Palo, and T. Aso, Hemispheric properties of the two-day wave from mesosphere-lower-thermosphere radar observations, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 56, 1276–1288, 1994.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Crary, D. J. and J. M. Forbes, On the extraction of tidal information from measurements covering a fraction of a day, Geophys. Res. Lett., 10, 580–582, 1982.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dudhia, A., S. E. Smith, A. R. Wood, and F. W. Taylor, Diurnal and semidiurnal temperature variability of the middle atmosphere, as observed by ISAMS, Geophys. Res. Lett., 20, 1251–1254, 1993.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Forbes, J. M., Atmospheric tides 1. Model description and results of the solar diurnal component, J. Geophys. Res., 87, 5222–5240, 1982.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Forbes, J. M., Tidal and planetary waves, in The Upper Mesosphere and lower thermopshere: A review of experiment and theory Geophysical Monograph 87, edited by R. M. Johnson and T. L. Killeen, pp. 67–87, AGU, Washington D.C., 1995.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Forbes, J. M., M. Kilpatrick, D. Fritts, A. H. Manson, and R. A. Vincent, Zonal mean and tidal dynamics from space: an empirical examination of aliasing and sampling issues, Ann. Geophysicae, 15, 1158–1164, 1997.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hagan, M. E., J. M. Forbes, and F. Vial, Numerical investigations of the propagation of the quasi-two-day wave into the lower thermosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 23,193–23,205, 1993.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hagan, M. E., J. M. Forbes, and F. Vial, On modeling migrating solar tides, Geophys. Res. Lett., 22, 893–896, 1995.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hagan, M. E., C. McLandress, and J. M. Forbes, Diurnal tidal variability in the upper mesosphere and the lower thermosphere, Ann. Geophysicae, 15, 1176–1186, 1997.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harris, T. J., A long-term study of the quasi-two-day wave in the middle atmosphere, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 56, 569–579, 1994.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hays, P. B., D. L. Wu, and the HRDI Science Team, Observations of the diurnal tide from space, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 51, 3077–3093, 1994.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hecht, J. H., R. L. Waltersheid, R. G. Roble, R. S. Lieberman, E. R. Talaat, S. K. Ramsay Howat, R. P. Lowe, D. N. Turnbull, C. S. Gardner, R. States, and P. D. Dao, A comparison of atmospheric tides inferred from observations at the mesopause during ALOHA-93 with the model predictions ofthe TIME-GCM, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 6307–6321, 1998.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hitchman, M. H. and C. B. Leovy, Diurnal tide in the equatorial middle atmosphere as seen in LIMS temperatures, J. Atmos. Sci., 42, 557–561, 1985.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liebermann, R. S., Nonmigrating diurnal tides in the equatorial middle atmosphere, J. Atmos. Sci., 48, 1112–1123, 1991.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McLandress, C., Y. Rochon, G. G. Shepherd, B. H. Solheim, G. Thuillier, and F. Vial, The meridional wind component of the thermospheric tide observed by WINDII on UARS, Geophys. Res. Lett., 21, 2417–2420, 1994.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McLandress, C., G. G. Shepherd, and B. H. Solheim, Satellite observations of thermospheric tides: Results from the Wind Imaging Interferometer on UARS, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 4093–4114, 1996.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Meek, C. E., A. H. Manson, S. J. Franke, W. Singer, P. Hoffmann, R. R. Clark, T. Tsuda, T. Nakamura, M. Tsutsumi, M. Hagan, D. C. Fritts, J. Isler, and Yu. I. Portnyagin, Global study of northern hemisphere quasi 2-day wave events in the summers of 1992 and 1991, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 58, 1401–1412, 1996.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Meyer, C. K., Gravity wave interactions with mesospheric planetary waves: a mechanism for penetration into the Termosphere-Ionosphere System, submitted to J. Geophys. Res., 1999.

  • Palo, S. E., M. E. Hagan, C. E. Meek, R. A. Vincent, M. D. Burrage, C. McLandress, S. J. Franke, W. E. Ward, R. R. Clark, P. Hoffmann, R. Johnson, D. Kurschner, A. H. Manson, D. Murphy, T. Nakamura, Yu. I. Portnyagin, J. E. Salah, R. Schminder, W. Singer, T. Tsuda, T. S. Virdi, and Q. Zhou, An intercomparison between the GSWM, UARS, and ground based radar observations: a case-study in January 1993, Ann. Geophysicae, 15, 1123–1141, 1997.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reber, C. A., C. E. Trevathan, R. J. McNeal, and M. R. Luther, Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) mission, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 10,643–10,647, 1993.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Roble, R. G. and E. C. Ridley, A thermosphere-ionosphere-mesosphere electrodynamics general circulation model (TIME-GCM): Equinox solar cycle minimum simulations (30–500 km), Geophys. Res. Lett., 21, 417–420, 1994.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Roble, R. G. and G. G. Shepherd, An analysis of wind imaging interferometer observations of O(1S) equatorial emission rates using the thermosphere-ionosphere-mesosphere-electrodynamics general circulation model, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 2467–2474, 1997.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rodger, C. D. and A. J. Prata, Evidence for a travelling two-day wave in the middle atmosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 86, 9661–9664, 1981.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shepherd, G. G., G. Thuillier, W. A. Gault, B. H. Solheim, C. Hersom, J. M. Alunni, J.-F. Brun, S. Brune, P. Charlot, L. L. Cogger, D.-L. Desaulnier, W. F. E. Evans, R. L. Gattinger, F. Girod, D. Harvie, R. H. Hum, D. J. W. Kendal, E. L. Llewellin, R. P. Lowe, J. Ohrt, F. Pasternako, O. Peilet, I. Powell, Y. Rochon, W. E. Ward, R. H. Wiens, and J. Wimperis, WINDII, the wind imaging interferometer on the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 10,725–10,750, 1993a.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shepherd, G. G., G. Thuillier, B. H. Solheim, S. Changra, L. L. Cogger, M. L. Duboin, W. F. J. Evans, R. L. Gattinger, W. A. Gault, M. Herse, A. Hauchecorne, C. Lathuilliere, E. J. Llewellyn, R. P. Lowe, H. Teitelbaum, and F. Vial, Latitudinal structure in atomic oxygen concentrations observed with WINDII on UARS, Geophys. Res. Lett., 20, 1303–1306, 1993b.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shepherd, G. G., R. G. Roble, S.-P. Zhang, C. McLandress, and R. H. Wiens, Tidal influence on midlatitude airglow: Comparison of satellite and ground-based observations with TIME-GCM predictions, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 14,741–14,751, 1998.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shepherd, M. G., A. Dudhia, M. Lopez-Puertas, and W. F. J. Evans, Upper mesosphere temperatures in summer: WINDII observations and comparisons, Geophys. Res. Lett., 24, 357–360, 1997.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • States, R. J. and C. S. Gardner, Influence of the diurnal tide and thermospheric heat sources on the formation of mesospheric temperature inversion layers, Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 1483–1486, 1998.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Twomey, S., Introduction to the Mathematics of Inversion in Remote Sensing and Indirect Measurements, 243 pp., Development of Geomathematics, 3. Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company, Amsterdam, 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang, D. Y., C. McLandress, E. L. Fleming, W. E. Ward, B. Solheim, and G. G. Shepherd, Empirical model of 90–120 km horizontal winds from wind-imaging interferometer green line measurements in 1992–1993, J. Geophys. Res., 24, 1,127–1,130, 1997.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ward, W. E., Tidal mechanisms of dynamical influence on oxygen recombination airglow in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere, Adv. Space Res., 21(6), 795–805, 1998.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ward, W. E., D. Y. Wang, B. H. Solheim, and G. G. Shepherd, Observations of the two-day wave in WINDII data during January 1993, Geophys. Res. Lett., 23, 2923–2926, 1996.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ward, W. E., B. H. Solheim, and G. G. Shepherd, Two day wave induced variations in the oxygen green line volume emission rate: WINDII observations, Geophys. Res. Lett., 24, 1127–1130, 1997.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ward, W. E., J. Oberheide, M. Riese, P. Preusse, and D. Offermann, Tidal signatures in temperature data from the CRISTA I mission, J. Geophys. Res., submitted, June, 1998.

  • Wiens, R., S.-P. Zhang, R. Peterson, and G. Shepherd, Tides in Emission Rate and Temperature from the O2 Nightglow over Bear Lake Observatory, Geophys. Res. Lett., 22, 2637–2640, 1995.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wu, D. L., A study of the diurnal tide and the two-day wave with the High Resolution Doppler Imager (HRDI), Ph.D. Thesis, University of Michigan, 201 pp., 1994.

  • Wu, D. L., P. B. Hays, W. R. Skinner, A. R. Marshall, M. D. Burrage, R. S. Lieberman, and D. A. Ortland, Observations of the quasi-2-day wave from the High Resolution Doppler Imager on UARS, Geophys. Res. Lett., 20, 2853–2856, 1993.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wu, D. L., P. B. Hays, and W.R. Skinner, A least squares method for spectral analysis of space-time series, J. Atmos. Sci., 52, 3501–3511, 1995.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wu, D. L., E. F. Fishbein, W. G. Read, and J. W. Waters, Excitation and evolution of the quasi-2-day wave observed in UARS/MLS temperature measurements, J. Atmos. Sci., 53, 728–738, 1996.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yu, J., R. States, S. J. Franke, C. S. Gardner, and M. Hagan, Observations of tidal temperature and wind perturbations in the mesopause region above Urbana, IL (40°N, 88°W), Geophys. Res. Lett., 24, 1207–1210, 1997.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yudin, V. A., B. V. Khattatov, M. A. Geller, D. A. Ortland, C. McLandress, and G. G. Shepherd, Thermal tides and studies to tune the mechanistic tidalmodel using UARS observations, Ann.Geophysicae, 15, 1205–1220, 1997.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, S. P., R. H. Wiens, B. H. Solheim, and G. G. Shepherd, Nightglow zenith emission rate variations in O(1S) at low latitudes from WINDII observations, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 6251–6259, 1998.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centre for Research in Earth and Space Science, York University, Toronto, Canada

    M. G. Shepherd, B. Prawirosoehardjo & S. -P. Zhang

  2. Centre for Research in Earth and Space Technology, Toronto, Canada

    W. E. Ward & D. Y. Wang

  3. High Altitude Observatory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA

    R. G. Roble

Authors
  1. M. G. Shepherd
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. W. E. Ward
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. B. Prawirosoehardjo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. R. G. Roble
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. S. -P. Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. D. Y. Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to M. G. Shepherd.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Shepherd, M.G., Ward, W.E., Prawirosoehardjo, B. et al. Planetary scale and tidal perturbations in mesospheric temperature observed by WINDII. Earth Planet Sp 51, 593–610 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1186/BF03353218

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/BF03353218

Keywords