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Earth, Planets and Space
Fig. 7 | Earth, Planets and Space

Fig. 7

From: PC index as a proxy of the solar wind energy that entered into the magnetosphere: 2. Relation to the interplanetary electric field E KL before substorm onset

Fig. 7

Time evolution of the 15-min smoothed E KL field and PC index observed in the case of coordinated events with delay times ΔT = 10–12, 13–15, 16–18, and 19–21 min. The thin red lines present the run of E KL and PC quantities in the course of individual events. Solid black lines show the behavior of the mean E KL and PC quantities for each ΔT group. The moment of sudden rise of the smoothed E KL field (T = 0) and moment of the appropriate jump in the PC index are marked by the vertical black lines

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