Fig. 3

Map of Swarm ion drifts for a single event. a The CS10 statistical model in MLAT/MLT coordinates for the northern hemisphere B _z < 0, B _y < 0, E _sw = [1.20, 1.70] mV/m, and β > 10°, corresponding to a satellite pass on July 4, 2014. Footprints of the Swarm A satellite orbit are plotted in black. b Projection of the CS10 statistical model shown in (a) at coordinates of Swarm ion drift measurements. In (c) and (d) the corrected cross-track component and 2D ion drift measurements are plotted. In all plots the HMB for a minimum latitude of 61° MLAT is overplotted (solid pink line). Velocity magnitude is indicated by the horizontal color bar