Fig. 8

Identifying the convection reversal boundary with Swarm ion drifts. a Green filled circles indicate the location of convection reversal boundary for a subset of 38 Swarm A satellite passes identified (see text) based on the cross-track component of the ion drift from the Swarm A satellite measurements. Black filled circles indicate the location of the CRB corresponding to the MLT of the Swarm-derived point determined for the CS10 statistical model corresponding to each pass. Red lines connect Swarm and CS10 points for each pass. b Histogram of latitudinal difference (degrees) between matching CS10 model and measured convection reversal coordinates. Angular spacing is defined as negative if the CS10 model coordinate is poleward of the Swarm coordinate and positive if the Swarm coordinate is poleward of the CS10 model coordinate. c Filled circles indicate the location of convection reversals determined from the Swarm A satellite measurements for periods of IMF B _y  < 0 (blue) and IMF B _y  > 0 (red). Curves in (c) represent the CRB location determined in Koustov and Fiori (2016) for IMF B _y  < 0 (blue) and IMF B _y  > 0 (pink) based on a statistical average of SuperDARN data for IMF B _t  = [−4, 0] and IMF B _z  < 0 (their Fig. 6). All data in this figure are for periods of IMF B _z  < 0