Fig. 2

Distribution of ruptures, cracks, and scarps created by Kumamoto earthquakes. Thick red lines around Kitamukiyama show active faults following Ono and Watanabe (1985). The black line (dashed) of craters denotes younger (older) craters of about 2–10 ky (Ono and Watanabe 1985; Miyabuchi and Watanabe 1997, 2000). 3a–3e indicate locations of landslides shown in Fig. 3. The abbreviations of volcanic names are the same as those shown in Fig. 1. Ik, Ikenokubo and Jigoku craters. L marks denote areas of aerial views in Fig. 8