Fig. 5

Seismicity and VLPs recorded at White Island. a Vertical velocity seismogram b displacement corresponding to the red rectangle in a c spectrum corresponding to the red rectangle in b, after removing the offset, the trend and high-pass filtering below 100 s. The steam eruption was observed visually on the GeoNet Web Camera system while late stage discrete eruptions have seismo-acoustic signatures similar to small scale mud eruptions occurring in early 2013 (Jolly et al. 2016). VLPs have a dominant period of \(\sim\) 10 s [subplot (c)]