Fig. 7
From: Atmospheric resonances and their coupling to vibrations of the ground and waves in the ocean
Properties of buoyancy resonances in a mid-latitude atmosphere. AGW attenuation, travel time, and distance between consecutive returns to the ground level (skip distance) are calculated asymptotically in the ray approximation (Georges 1972; Gossard and Hooke 1975; Godin 2015) for a discrete subset of resonance frequencies under the atmospheric conditions at Wallops Island, Virginia, at GMT 06:00 (a–c) and GMT 18:00 (d–e) on 15 January 2014. The background atmospheric temperature and wind velocity profiles used in the simulations are obtained with the NRLMSISE-00.2 (Picone et al. 2002) and HWM14 (Drob et al. 2015) models, respectively. Different orders n of the resonances are distinguished by color of symbols and indicated in the figures. a, d Wave attenuation due to air viscosity and thermal conductivity (Godin 2014) on the path from the ground level to the turning point is shown in dB for resonances with n ≤ 20. b, e AGW propagation time from the ground level to the turning point is shown for the well-defined resonances with the attenuation not exceeding 1 dB. c, e Same as in b, e but for the skip distance of AGW rays corresponding to the resonances