Fig. 9From: Double-thin-shell approach to deriving total electron content from GNSS signals and implications for ionospheric dynamics near the magnetic equatorTEC maps derived from actual observations by double-shell model. a–c Vertical TEC, ls-TEC, and hs-TEC for shell height combination of 300 and 600 km. The red dashed line indicates a magnetic latitude of 12\(^\circ \)N. d–f Vertical TEC, ls-TEC, and hs-TEC for shell height combination of 280 and 700 kmBack to article page