Fig. 5
From: Simulation study on parametric dependence of whistler-mode hiss generation in the plasmasphere
Dynamic spectra of forward-propagating waves (\(t=0\sim 4.2\times 10^4[\Omega _{e0}^{-1}]\)) at locations of \(-100, -50, 0, 50, 100 [c\Omega _{e0}^{-1}]\), gradient coefficient a in three cases are a \(1.87\times 10^{-7}(\Omega _{e0}/c)^2\); b \(3.74\times 10^{-6}(\Omega _{e0}/c)^2\), and c \(3.74\times 10^{-5}(\Omega _{e0}/c)^2\), respectively. Typical wave structures with amplitudes over \(10^{-4.5} [B_0]\) are outlined