Fig. 3
From: Solar and lunar daily geomagnetic variations and their equivalent current systems observed by Swarm
Local solar time versus quasi-dipole (QD) latitude depiction of the Sq field (a) and L field at the new Moon (b), as derived from quiet-time data from Swarm A in the magnetic northward (N), magnetic eastward (E) and center (C) components during 2017–2020. In each of a and b the upper panels show the observed Sq or L field, while the lower panels show the Sq or L field reconstructed by a magnetic scalar potential described by (4)–(6). Contour steps are 2 nT for Sq and 0.4 nT for L. It is noted that local lunar time equals local solar time at the new Moon