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Table 7 Parameter estimates and the 2-norm results between the parameter estimates and true values for the third example

From: A method for mixed additive and multiplicative random error models with inequality constraints in geodesy

Parameter

LS

WLS

bcWLS

Algorithm 2

Algorithm 3 I

True value

\(\sigma_{m} = 0.005\)

\(\hat{\beta }_{1}\)

4.2871

3.0437

3.0323

1.4492

1.6000

1.5

\(\hat{\beta }_{2}\)

20.4395

20.1661

20.1635

19.6415

19.8517

20

\(\hat{\beta }_{3}\)

8.2360

9.1576

9.1653

10.4929

10.1000

10

\(\hat{\beta }_{4}\)

− 5.4799

− 4.8835

− 4.8778

− 4.1076

− 4.0686

− 4

\(\left\| \Delta \varvec{\hat{\beta} } \right\|\)

3.6419

1.9751

1.9601

0.6209

0.2161

/

\(\sigma_{m} = 0.05\)

\(\hat{\beta }_{1}\)

17.4372

10.6262

9.8311

1.6658

1.6000

1.5

\(\hat{\beta }_{2}\)

23.1451

21.8015

21.5658

19.2789

20.1000

20

\(\hat{\beta }_{3}\)

− 1.1115

3.8043

4.3941

10.4287

10.1000

10

\(\hat{\beta }_{4}\)

− 12.0305

− 8.7000

− 8.3279

− 4.0328

− 4.2751

− 4

\(\left\| \Delta \varvec{\hat{\beta} } \right\|\)

21.2566

12.1247

11.0461

0.8557

0.3251

/

\(\sigma_{m} = 0.1\)

\(\hat{\beta }_{1}\)

31.8167

14.5611

13.6686

1.6070

1.6000

1.5

\(\hat{\beta }_{2}\)

26.2958

24.3009

23.8356

19.1696

20.1000

20

\(\hat{\beta }_{3}\)

− 12.2376

− 1.7409

− 1.0338

9.7767

10.1000

10

\(\hat{\beta }_{4}\)

− 18.4205

− 1.7409

− 8.9716

− 3.2539

− 4.1213

− 4

\(\left\| \Delta \varvec{\hat{\beta} } \right\|\)

40.7579

18.8592

17.5854

1.1435

0.2115

/