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Earth, Planets and Space
Fig. 2 | Earth, Planets and Space

Fig. 2

From: Severe L-band scintillation over low-to-mid latitudes caused by an extreme equatorial plasma bubble: joint observations from ground-based monitors and GOLD

Fig. 2

TEC depletions and ionospheric scintillation recorded by the three ScintPi 3.0 stations over Puerto Rico. Upper panels (a–c): Steep TEC depletions (“bite-outs”) over Culebra, Arecibo, and Quebradillas. Middle panels (d–f): Strong ionospheric scintillation for the L1 (1.5 GHz) and L2 (1.2 GHz) signals transmitted by GPS SVID11 on March 13–14, 2022. Lower panel (g): IPPs of the signals from the GPS SVID11 for the three stations. Please notice that Arecibo and Quebradillas stations are close to each other and their IPPs overlap

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