A plasma irradiation system optimized for space weathering of solar system bodies

Earth, Planets and Space

Table 2 Summary of performance test for the ion gun with the E x B filter of the PIECE system

Gas	Particle	Energy (KeV)	Max beam current (µA)	m/q resol. (amu/q)^a	B-field efficiency ε^b	Number flux (#/cm₂/s)^c	Energy flux (keV/cm₂/s)
–	Electron	10.0 − 30.0	1.87 − 2.52 × 10³	–	–	1.49 − 2.00 × 10¹⁶	1.89 − 4.46 × 10¹⁷
Hydrogen	H⁺	10.7	1.70	1 ± 0.086	0.69	1.35 × 10¹³	1.45 × 10¹⁴
Hydrogen	H₂⁺	10.7	33.2	2 ± 0.12	0.72	5.23 × 10¹⁴	2.82 × 10¹⁵
Helium	He⁺	10.7	27.0			2.15 × 10¹⁴	2.30 × 10¹⁵
Oxygen	O⁺, O₂²⁺	10.7	3.18	16 ± 1.2	0.66	2.52 × 10¹³	2.70 × 10¹⁴
Oxygen	O₂⁺	10.7	14.9	32 ± 1.6	0.68	2.36 × 10¹⁴	1.26 × 10¹⁴
Carbon dioxide	C⁺	10.0	1.28	\(12_{{^{ - 0.70} }}^{ + 0.70}\)	0.67	1.02 × 10¹³	1.02 × 10¹⁴
Carbon dioxide	O⁺, O₂²⁺	10.0	2.38	\(16_{ - 0.92}^{ + 0.93}\)	0.66	1.89 × 10¹³	1.89 × 10¹⁴
Carbon dioxide	CO⁺	10.0	9.23	\(28_{ - 2.0}^{ + 2.1}\)	0.67	1.47 × 10¹⁴	7.34 × 10¹⁴
Carbon dioxide	CO²⁺	10.0	7.91	\(44_{{^{ - 2.6} }}^{ + 2.8}\)	0.67	1.89 × 10¹⁴	6.28 × 10¹⁴

^am/q resolution was estimated from the standard deviation of the Gaussian functions fitted to the beam current profile in Figs. 6, 7, 8
^bB-field efficiency is the factor that associates the theoretical magnetic flux density in the E × B filter \({B}_{0}\) with the measured one \({{B}_{\mathrm{eff}}\mathrm{ as }B}_{\mathrm{eff}}=\varepsilon {B}_{0}\) (see details in ‘‘Ion gun with E x B filter’’Sect.).
^cThe number fluxes for the polyatomic molecule ions (\({\text{H}}_{2}^{+}{\text{,}{\text{O}}}_{2}^{+},{\text{CO}}^{+},{\text{CO}}^{+},{\text{CO}}_{2}^{+}\)) were estimated as the total fluxes of the atoms completely dissociated from the incident molecule ions by collision with the target sample. The number fluxes of \({\text{O}}^{+}\) and \({\text{O}}_{2}^{++}\) were estimated by assuming that the contribution of \({\text{O}}_{2}^{++}\) was negligible