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Earth, Planets and Space
Fig. 4 | Earth, Planets and Space

Fig. 4

From: Periodic oscillations of Doppler frequency excited by the traveling ionospheric disturbances associated with the Tonga eruption in 2022

Fig. 4

The TEC data observed at BULA station in Australia. These data were derived by applying a high-pass filter with a 2.5-mHz cutoff frequency. The top panel (a) shows the temporal variation of TEC data observed with GPS PRN 31. The middle (b) panel and bottom panel (c) show the temporal variations of TEC observed with Beidou PRN 4 and 59, respectively

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