Fig. 2From: New aspects of the upper atmospheric disturbances caused by the explosive eruption of the 2022 Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha’apai volcanoTwo-dimensional map of the summit platform of the submerged HTHH volcanic edifice. The color bar of the upper left side shows the depth of the sea surface in a unit of meters. The dashed black line indicates a previously undocumented caldera existing 150 to 180 m below the sea surface. The close-up view of the bottom left side represents the detailed locations of the 1988 eruptions (Cronin et al. 2017)Back to article page