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Earth, Planets and Space
Fig. 6 | Earth, Planets and Space

Fig. 6

From: Giant ionospheric density hole near the 2022 Hunga-Tonga volcanic eruption: multi-point satellite observations

Fig. 6

Detection of the Ionospheric hole near Tonga measured by the F7/C2 and ICON satellites on 15 January 2022. From top to bottom panels are the F7/C2 satellite trajectory, the ion density, the ion temperature, and the parallel and perpendicular ion drifts, respectively. In the top panel, the black line is solar terminator, and the nightside is demarcated with grey shadow. The black dashed line indicates the magnetic equator. The star mark represents the location of the Tonga volcano and the red circles in satellite trajectory and plasma density indicate the location of minimum plasma density near the longitude of Tonga (180° ~ 190°E)

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