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Earth, Planets and Space
Fig. 2 | Earth, Planets and Space

Fig. 2

From: Performance of the double-thin-shell approach for studying nighttime medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances using two dense GNSS observation networks in Japan

Fig. 2

a, b Distribution of GNSS stations provided by GEONET (black dots) and SoftBank Corp. (red dots). The counts of ionospheric pierce points (IPPs) in each cell of E- (middle panel) and F-region (bottom panel) shell heights, at 09:00 UT, on July 3 (day of year (DOY) 184), 2022, are displayed at the original resolution of \({0.15}^{\circ }\) (E) and \({0.3}^{\circ }\) (F) in longitude and latitude and 2 min in time. The IPPs are shown for the cases of using only GPS observation data from GEONET (c, d); GPS observation data from both GEONET and SoftBank Corp. (e, f); and multi-GNSS observation data from both networks (g, h)

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