Fig. 7
From: Relation between rheological properties and the stress state in subducting slabs
Results for models with temperature- and pressure-dependent viscosity (Model TPV) assuming Ediff = 110 kJ/mol and Vdiff = 1 cm3/mol. a–d Results for the case with Atr = 40 Ma and a free overriding plate. e–h Results for the case with Atr = 100 Ma and a fixed overriding plate. a, e Changes in velocities of the subducting plate (Vsp), the overriding plate (Vop), and the trench (Vtr). b, f Slab geometry after deep slab penetration into the lower mantle. The distribution of the effective viscosity (ηeff) is shown in color and arrows indicate the velocity field. c, g Distribution of stress. Color indicates the square root of the second invariant of the stress tensor. Directions of the black lines indicate tension axes and the lengths of the lines are proportional to the stress magnitudes. d, h Distribution of the dominant deformation mechanisms in the upper mantle. Diff diffusion creep, Disl dislocation creep, Yield plastic yield. Dotted black lines indicate the 410-km and 660-km phase boundaries