Figure 2

Schematic example of artificial hysteresis. (a) Artificial hysteresis of y in terms of x during a single cycle (solid line) and the ‘ideal’ linear function of y in terms of x during the same cycle (dashed line). (b) y (during several cycles) after filtering x using a linear filter (solid black line) and the linear trends obtained if only one cycle is used (red dashed line), two (green dashed line), three (blue dashed line), and so on (from Adler and Elias 2008).