Validation of the IRI-2012 model with GPS-based ground observation over a low-latitude Singapore station

Earth, Planets and Space

Table 1 Percentage deviation in electron density estimated by IRI model as compared to COSMIC RO measurements

Date (time)	ΔN_e(%) with IRI-Neq			ΔN_e(%) with IRI-2001			ΔN_e(%) with IRI-01-Corr
	200 km	F2 peak (ΔNmF2)	600 km	200 km	F2 peak (ΔNmF2)	600 km	200 km	F2 peak (ΔNmF2)	600 km
31 Jan 2010 (05:56 LT)	−44.55	4.96	−51.30	−4.55	6.58	146.22	−44.55	6.58	53.81
13 Feb 2010 (03:29 LT)	209.69	−46.80	−46.90	209.69	−46.35	94.50	209.69	−46.35	11.73
21 Mar 2010 (08:21 LT)	10.93	−32.90	78.17	10.93	−32.18	301.22	10.93	−32.18	165.76
3 Apr 2010 (04:22 LT)	71.49	119.70	75.39	71.49	121.92	412.42	71.49	121.92	227.82
28 May 2010 (18:12 LT)	21.80	14.51	140.10	21.80	14.88	255.60	21.80	14.88	180.82
10 June 2010 (15:43 LT)	39.10	37.60	105.50	39.10	37.60	196.87	39.10	37.60	142.13
7 July 2010 (23:09 LT)	−32.04	51.94	36.48	−32.04	52.84	225.30	−32.04	52.84	138.69
11 Aug 2010 (14:10 LT)	32.39	3.28	−16.00	−32.39	3.86	19.03	−32.39	3.86	0.143
17 Sept 2010 (20:05 LT)	−63.71	−17.70	16.13	−63.71	−17.33	52.88	−63.71	−17.33	28.712
20 Oct 2010 (13:40 LT)	−10.40	−1.89	43.50	−10.40	−1.88	82.49	−10.40	−1.88	77.638
23 Nov 2010 (05:19 LT)	45.65	−29.60	−11.00	45.65	−29.37	140.89	45.65	−29.37	77.158
20 Dec 2010 (23:26 LT)	−65.23	32.36	29.870	−65.23	33.866	169.77	−65.23	33.86	65.199