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Figure 3 | Earth, Planets and Space

Figure 3

From: Dominant role of temperature on deep earthquake mechanics for the Tonga slab near the bottom of the upper mantle

Figure 3

Examples of stacked waveforms for the direct P waves and s-to-P waves at Moho observed at Hi-net. Stacked waveforms for the direct P waves (left traces) and the s-to-P waves at Moho (‘X phase’, right traces) observed at Hi-net. Stacking is performed over the entire Hi-net with corresponding slowness values. The seismograms for the X phases are linearly stacked (dashed lines) or phase-weighted stacked (solid lines). Each trace is normalized to its maximum peak-to-peak amplitude. The stacked waveforms of the X phase are magnified relative to the stacked P wave, and the magnification factor for each trace is shown below the event name. When phase-weighted stacked, the amplitudes of weaker anomalous arrivals are reduced compared to those of the linearly stacked waveforms. Note that the polarities of the X phase of EV9 and EV10 are flipped relative to the P waves that are initially positively polarized, while the X phase polarity of EV8 is the same as the P wave that is negatively polarized.

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