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Table 1 List of geographic and geomagnetic locations of 69 geomagnetic observatories, their data availability periods, and trends in the residual Sq amplitude

From: Long-term variation in the upper atmosphere as seen in the geomagnetic solar quiet daily variation

Station name

GLAT [degree]

GLONG [degree]

GMLAT [degree]

GMLONG [degree]

Data availability period after 1947

Trend [nT/year]

Addis Ababa

9.035

38.766

5.36

112.16

1958/1/1 to 2010/12/31

−0.125 ± 0.084

Alibag

18.638

72.872

10.37

146.55

1947/1/1 to 2011/12/31

−0.122 ± 0.043

Alma Ata

43.25

76.92

34.5

153.04

1963/5/1 to 2010/12/31

No trend

Apia

−13.807

188.225

−15.25

263.01

1947/1/1 to 2009/12/31

No trend

Aregentine Island

−65.25

295.73

−55.33

5.84

1957/3/13 to 2009/12/31

No trend

Bangui

4.333

18.566

4.13

91.53

1955/1/1 to 2007/12/31

No trend

Beijing

40

116.2

30.11

187.45

1957/1/1 to 1993/12/31

0.275 ± 0.172

Belsk

51.837

20.792

50.24

105.26

1966/1/1 to 2010/12/31

−0.074 ± 0.062

Boulder

40.13

254.76

48.24

321.28

1967/1/1 to 2010/12/31

No trend

Chambon-La-Foret

48.025

2.261

49.75

85.8

1947/1/1 to 2010/12/31

−0.216 ± 0.035

Crozet

−46.431

51.86

−51.31

114.05

1974/1/1 to 2009/12/31

No trend

Dourbes

50.1

4.6

51.34

88.99

1957/7/1 to 2010/12/31

−0.110 ± 0.107

Eskdalemuir

55.317

356.8

57.69

83.76

1947/1/1 to 2010/12/31

−0.216 ± 0.067

Eyrewell

−43.41

172.35

−46.96

254

1978/8/1 to 2010/12/31

−0.118 ± 0.155

Fredericksburg

38.2

282.63

48.14

353.93

1956/1/1 to 2010/12/31

No trend

Furstenfeldbruck

48.165

11.277

48.32

94.73

1947/1/1 to 2010/12/31

−0.099 ± 0.034

Gnangara

−31.78

115.947

−41.65

189.3

1957/7/1 to 2010/12/31

−0.027 ± 0.033

Guam

13.59

144.87

5.56

216.08

1957/7/6 to 2010/12/31

No trend

Guangzhou

23.093

113.343

13.15

185.25

1960/1/1 to 2009/12/31

No trend

Hartebeesthoek

−25.883

27.707

−27.18

94.97

1972/1/1 to 2009/12/31

No trend

Hartland

51

355.517

53.78

80.25

1957/1/1 to 2010/12/31

−0.135 ± 0.050

Hel

54.608

18.817

53.23

104.68

1966/1/1 to 2009/12/31

No trend

Hermanus

−34.425

19.225

−34.08

84.63

1947/1/1 to 2012/12/31

0.029 ± 0.024

Honolulu

21.32

202

21.71

270.27

1947/1/1 to 2012/12/31

−0.052 ± 0.030

Huancayo

−12.038

284.682

−2.07

356.97

1947/1/1 to 2009/12/31

No trend

Hurbanovo

47.873

18.19

46.85

101.24

1957/1/1 to 2011/12/31

−0.063 ± 0.032

Irkutsk

52.167

104.45

42.2

177.24

1957/7/1 to 2010/12/31

No trend

Istanbul-Kandilli

41.063

29.062

38.42

109.32

1950/1/1 to 1997/12/31

−0.106 ± 0.078

Kakioka

36.232

140.186

27.65

209.21

1947/1/1 to 2013/12/31

−0.061 ± 0.025

Kanoya

31.424

130.88

22.17

201.19

1958/1/1 to 2013/12/31

−0.043 ± 0.033

Kanozan

35.256

139.956

26.66

209.11

1962/4/1 to 2013/12/31

No trend

Kiev

50.72

30.3

47.61

113.55

1958/7/1 to 2009/12/31

0.093 ± 0.095

L’Aquila

42.383

13.317

42.36

94.68

1960/1/1 to 2009/12/31

No trend

Leningrad

59.95

30.7

56.41

118.08

1948/1/1 to 1988/12/31

No trend

Lovo

59.344

17.824

57.9

106.35

1947/1/1 to 2004/12/31

−0.126 ± 0.110

Lvov

49.9

23.75

47.88

107.22

1957/7/1 to 2009/12/31

No trend

M’Bour

14.384

343.033

19.9

57.83

1952/3/1 to 2010/12/31

0.133 ± 0.048

Memambetsu

43.91

144.189

35.63

211.74

1957/7/1 to 2013/8/31

No trend

Minsk

54.1

26.52

51.47

111.49

1961/1/1 to 1994/12/31

0.152 ± 0.103

Moscow

55.467

37.312

51.12

121.66

1957/7/1 to 2005/12/31

No trend

Newport

48.27

242.88

54.76

305.48

1966/4/1 to 2010/12/31

No trend

Niemegk

52.072

12.675

51.84

97.71

1947/1/1 to 2011/12/31

−0.120 ± 0.038

Novosibirsk

55.03

82.9

45.8

159.76

1967/1/1 to 2010/12/31

No trend

Nurmijarvi

60.508

24.655

57.89

113.15

1953/1/1 to 2009/12/31

No trend

Odessa

46.78

30.88

43.69

112.71

1957/7/1 to 1991/12/31

0.103 ± 0.086

Ottawa

45.403

284.448

55.37

355.88

1968/7/1 to 2010/12/31

−0.251 ± 0.197

Papeete

−17.567

210.426

−15.13

285.49

1968/1/1 to 2009/12/31

−0.034 ± 0.089

Pilar

−31.67

296.12

−21.78

7.64

1947/1/1 to 1985/12/31

0.222 ± 0.111

Port Aux Francais

−49.353

70.262

−56.81

133.56

1957/1/1 to 2009/12/31

0.132 ± 0.135

Port Moresby

−9.46

147.16

−17.1

220.9

1958/4/1 to 1991/12/31

No trend

Rude Skov

55.483

12.457

55.14

99.17

1947/1/1 to 1981/12/31

−0.214 ± 0.147

San Juan

18.11

293.85

28.04

6.54

1947/1/1 to 2012/12/31

No trend

She-Shan

31.097

121.187

21.36

192.31

1950/1/1 to 2006/12/31

−0.051 ± 0.043

St. Johns

47.595

307.323

56.87

24.37

1968/8/1 to 2009/12/31

−0.276 ± 0.153

Tananarive

−18.917

47.552

−23.62

116.33

1957/1/1 to 2007/12/31

No trend

Tashkent

41.333

69.617

33.23

146.31

1957/7/1 to 1991/12/31

0.087 ± 0.080

Tbilisi

42.08

44.7

37

124.04

1957/1/1 to 2001/12/31

−0.267 ± 0.391

Teoloyucan

19.746

260.807

28.57

330.92

1965/1/1 to 2008/12/31

0.439 ± 0.153

Trivandrum

8.48

76.95

−0.12

149.54

1958/1/1 to 1999/12/31

−0.198 ± 0.145

Tsumeb

−19.202

17.584

−18.87

86.35

1964/8/1 to 2008/12/31

No trend

Tucson

32.17

249.27

39.73

316.74

1947/1/1 to 2010/12/31

No trend

Valentia

51.93

349.75

55.65

74.7

1957/7/1 to 2010/12/31

−0.088 ± 0.076

Vassouras

−22.4

316.35

−13.56

27.05

1949/1/1 to 2009/12/31

−0.315 ± 0.123

Victoria

48.52

236.58

54.08

298.38

1957/7/1 to 2010/12/31

0.035 ± 0.059

Vladivostok

43.697

132.16

34.49

201.23

1957/7/1 to 1989/12/31

0.119 ± 0.119

Wingst

53.743

9.073

54.07

95.05

1947/1/1 to 2010/12/31

−0.137 ± 0.047

Witteveen

52.813

6.668

53.59

92.26

1947/1/1 to 1984/12/31

−0.148 ± 0.105

Yakutsk

62.02

129.72

52.59

196.77

1957/7/1 to 2009/12/31

No trend

Yuzhno Sakhalinsk

46.95

142.717

38.51

209.97

1957/7/1 to 1988/12/31

No trend