Figure 3From: Statistical study of medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances using SuperDARN Hokkaido ground backscatter data for 2011 Diurnal and seasonal model for ground backscatter characteristics. For Beam 0 and operational frequency of 11 MHz in 2011. Minimum range (a), corresponding skip distance (b), elevation angle (c), and range ratio (d), characterizing asymmetry of the trajectory.Back to article page