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Table 1 The propagation characteristics for observed TIDs

From: Observation of ionospheric disturbances induced by the 2011 Tohoku tsunami using far-field GPS data in Hawaii

TIDs

T (UT)

v h (m/s)

A z (°)

1

11:50

263.18

132.60

2

12:40

244.67

126.87

3

17:30

244.54

112.68

  1. The expressions T, v h , and A z represent the arrival time, horizontal velocity, and azimuth, respectively. TID, traveling ionospheric disturbance.