Earth, Planets and Space

Table 1 Major element composition of JMSS-1 in comparison with Martian soil and other Martian soil simulants (wt%)

From: JMSS-1: a new Martian soil simulant

	Martian soil							Martian soil simulants
	Viking 1^a	Viking 2^a	Pathfinder^b	Spirit^c	Opportunity^d	Curiosity^e	Average^f	JSC Mars-1^g	MMS^g	JMSS-1
SiO₂	43.00	43.00	42.00	45.80	43.80	42.88	45.41	43.48	49.40	49.28 ± 0.24
TiO₂	0.66	0.56	0.80	0.81	1.08	1.19	0.91	3.62	1.09	1.78 ± 0.01
Al₂O₃	7.30	–	10.30	10.00	8.55	9.43	9.71	22.09	17.10	13.64 ± 0.33
Cr₂O₃	–	–	0.30	0.35	0.46	0.49	0.36	0.03	0.05	–
Fe₂O₃	18.50	17.80	21.70					16.08	10.87	16.00 ± 0.07
FeO				15.80	22.33	19.19^h	16.73
MnO	–	–	0.30	0.31	0.36	0.41	0.33	0.26	0.17	0.14 ± 0.01
MgO	6.00	–	7.30	9.30	7.05	8.69	8.35	4.22	6.08	6.35 ± 0.08
CaO	5.90	5.70	6.10	6.10	6.67	7.28	6.37	6.05	10.45	7.56 ± 0.06
Na₂O	–	–	2.80	3.30	1.60	2.72	2.73	2.34	3.28	2.92 ± 0.09
K₂O	<0.15	<0.15	0.60	0.41	0.44	0.49	0.44	0.70	0.48	1.02 ± 0.03
P₂O₅	–	–	0.70	0.84	0.83	0.94	0.83	0.78	0.17	0.30 ± 0.01
SO₃	6.60	8.10	6.00	5.82	5.57	5.45	6.16	0.31	0.10	–
Cl	0.70	0.50	0.90	0.53	0.44	0.69	0.68	–	–	–
LOI	–	–	–	–	–	–		17.36	3.39	0.48 ± 0.17
Total	88.81	75.81	99.80	99.37	99.18	99.85	99.01	99.70	99.40	99.47

“–” not analyzed
^aBanin et al. (1992)
^bFoley et al. (2003)
^cGellert et al. (2004)
^dRieder et al. (2004)
^eBlake et al. (2013)
^fTaylor and McLennan (2009)
^gPeters et al. (2008)
^hFe₂O₃ + FeO = 19.19. For the Viking Landers, Pathfinder soil, JSC Mars-1, MMS, and JMSS-1 total Fe is expressed as Fe₂O₃. For Spirit and Opportunity, average soil total Fe is expressed as FeO

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