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Earth, Planets and Space
Fig. 5 | Earth, Planets and Space

Fig. 5

From: Morphology and dynamics of daytime mid-latitude sporadic-E patches revealed by GPS total electron content observations in Japan

Fig. 5

Local time dependence of the directions of N-S drifts of Es patches observed in 2010 (histogram). We only show observations made in central Japan where GPS-TEC data have a better spatial coverage and resolution. In the histogram, orange and gray represent the numbers of northward and southward drifting Es patches, respectively. Curves show occurrence rates of Es from foEs data during 2003–2012 (dashed) and 2010 (solid) by the Kokubunji ionosonde (we show only the cases with foEs > 10 MHz)

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