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Fig. 1 | Earth, Planets and Space

Fig. 1

From: Interplanetary particle transport simulation for warning system for aviation exposure to solar energetic particles

Fig. 1

Non-orthogonal curvilinear coordinate system (s, θ, ϕ) for describing the focused transport equation. The solid and dotted blue lines are respectively a Parker magnetic field and its projection onto the X-Y plane, s is the distance of P measured from the origin O along the magnetic field line, θ is the polar angle at P measured from the Z axis, ϕ is the phase angle of the magnetic field line at O measured from the X axis, which is different from the phase angle φ at P, r is the radial distance from O to P, e s , e θ , and e ϕ are the basis vectors at position P, and (r, θ, φ) constitutes the spherical coordinate system

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