Fig. 7

Modeling results of the f _o F2 time series components (Paratunka station, Kamchatka) for 16–28 January 2013 (LT): a observed (black line) and median of the f _o F2 time series (gray line), b errors of the f[2^− 3 t] component model, c errors of the g[2^− 3 t] component model, d International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) model errors, and e K-index for the Paratunka station. Graphs b and c show the standard deviations of the component model errors (dashed lines), the arrow indicates the beginning of the earthquake that occurred in Kamchatka on 26 January 2013, and Ks is the energy class of the earthquake