Fig. 5From: PC index as a proxy of the solar wind energy that entered into the magnetosphere: 2. Relation to the interplanetary electric field E KL before substorm onsetExamples of events with the negative (a) and zero (b) delay time ΔT. Moment of sharp rise of the E KL field, reduced to the magnetopause, is marked by a red vertical line; the substorm onset is marked by a black line Back to article page