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Earth, Planets and Space
Fig. 3 | Earth, Planets and Space

Fig. 3

From: Mass eruption rates in pulsating eruptions estimated from video analysis of the gas thrust-buoyancy transition—a case study of the 2010 eruption of Eyjafjallajökull, Iceland

Fig. 3

Representative comparison between a “strong” type 1 pulse (a-c) and a “weaker” type 2 pulse (d-f). Green arrows mark the diameters of pulse fronts after the moment of discharge. A type 1 pulse features a column width at vent exit of more than 50 m—in this example, ~69 m (a), while type 2 pulses are characterized by a smaller diameter—here, ~27 m (d). a, d Pulses 0.2 s after their discharge. The contrast between both types becomes particularly evident for pulse interfaces during their gas thrust stage ((b) and (e), 0.7 s after discharge). After reaching the transition height ((f), 1.7 s after discharge), the evolution of pulses is determined by convective buoyancy ((c), 3.5 s after discharge). The evolution of the here presented type 2 pulse after entering the transitional level is shown in Fig. 4

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