Mass eruption rates in pulsating eruptions estimated from video analysis of the gas thrust-buoyancy transition—a case study of the 2010 eruption of Eyjafjallajökull, Iceland

Earth, Planets and Space

Table 3 Statistical results for PVDM applied to 30 pulses, assuming a pulse temperature of 480 °C

	No.		Average	St. dev.	Wt. average	Wt. st. dev.	SI units	Eq.
v _trans	5	Type 1	27.7	13.3	21.8	10.4	m/s	(1)
v _trans	25	Type 2	21.1	11.5	21.8	10.4	m/s	(1)
τ	5	Type 1	2.4	1.7	2.9	0.9	s	(11)
τ	25	Type 2	3.0	1.0	2.9	0.9	s	(11)
d _trans(t _I)	5	Type 1	94.9	7.8	71.1	15.2	m
d _trans(t _I)	25	Type 2	68.1	17.1	71.1	15.2	m
Q(t _I)	5	Type 1	1.2 · 10⁵	0.5 · 10⁵	0.6 · 10⁵	0.4 · 10⁵	kg/s	(8)
Q(t _I)	25	Type 2	0.5 · 10⁵	0.4 · 10⁵	0.6 · 10⁵	0.4 · 10⁵	kg/s	(8)
Q _{tot_min}	5	Type 1	0.5 · 10⁴	0.1 · 10⁴	2.2 · 10⁴	0.7 · 10⁴	kg/s	(13)
Q _{tot_min}	25	Type 2	1.7 · 10⁴	0.7 · 10⁴	2.2 · 10⁴	0.7 · 10⁴	kg/s	(13)
Q _{tot_max}	5	Type 1	0.8 · 10⁴	0.2 · 10⁴	3.5 · 10⁴	1.0 · 10⁴	kg/s	(14)
Q _{tot_max}	25	Type 2	2.7 · 10⁴	1.2 · 10⁴	3.5 · 10⁴	1.0 · 10⁴	kg/s	(14)
m _{t_max}	5	Type 1	2.9 · 10⁵	0.6 · 10⁵	1.5 · 10⁵	0.7 · 10⁵	kg	(18)
m _{t_max}	25	Type 2	1.3 · 10⁵	0.8 · 10⁵	1.5 · 10⁵	0.7 · 10⁵	kg	(18)
m _{g_max}	5	Type 1	1.7 · 10⁵	0.4 · 10⁵	0.9 · 10⁵	0.4 · 10⁵	kg	(20)
m _{g_max}	25	Type 2	0.8 · 10⁵	0.5 · 10⁵	0.9 · 10⁵	0.4 · 10⁵	kg	(20)

The convective uplift velocity at transitional level v _trans, duration of ash transport at transitional level τ, ash pulse diameter when entering the transitional level d _trans(t _I), the peak mass flux Q(t _I), the minimum and maximum of the total mass flux Q _{tot_min} and Q _{tot_max}, and the maximum mass of gas (m _{g_max}) and tephra (m _{t_max}) contained within a pulse are listed. Additionally, a reference to the respective equation of determination is given