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Earth, Planets and Space
Fig. 2 | Earth, Planets and Space

Fig. 2

From: Numerical studies of geomagnetically induced electric field on seafloor and near coastal zones incorporated with heterogeneous conductivity distributions

Fig. 2

Cross sections of four 2-D land-ocean conductivity models, together with induced electric field of TM mode on land surface and on seafloor. A seawater layer is commonly added to the shallow-right side of each model (4 S/m). The coastline, shown as an inverted triangle in each model, is located at the distance of 0 km. a Homogeneous underground model. The conductivity values for crust and mantle are assumed as 0.01 S/m based on Kasaya et al. (2005). b Land-side conductive model. The deep portion of land has a conductive feature. The conductivity and shape comes from the subducting oceanic plate shown in the model D. c Ocean-side conductive model. Similar to the model B, but the sub-seafloor structure has the conductive feature. d Subduction model. The subducting oceanic plate (PHS) is added whose top layer has a high conductivity (0.1 S/m). The value and shape is based on Kasaya et al. (2005). Note that both the model conductivity and electric field are shown as logarithmic values

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