Fig. 2

GNSS time series of Miyako station after the main shock on 11 March 2011, and the time series calculated using the single exp function and the single log function. The black closed circles denote the observed GNSS positions 2 years after the main shock with respect to the position just before the main shock. The exp function (light blue dotted line) and log function (orange line) were, respectively, fitted to the positions observed in the 2-year fitting period between 12 March 2011 and 11 March 2013. These lines were extended to 4.6 years after the main shock based on calculations using each function. The grey closed circles denote the observed GNSS position during the prediction period after the fitting period. Both the fitting and prediction performances of the single exp and single log function are obviously poorer than those of Model 2 in Fig. 4c