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Earth, Planets and Space
Fig. 13 | Earth, Planets and Space

Fig. 13

From: Reconstruction of a phreatic eruption on 27 September 2014 at Ontake volcano, central Japan, based on proximal pyroclastic density current and fallout deposits

Fig. 13

a PDC lobes used to estimate the initial condition. b Physical parameters used in the model of Bonnecaze and Lister (1999), in which a depth-averaged flow is assumed. Q discharge rate, C particle concentration, u velocity of the PDC, w settling velocity of particle, L runout distance, θ slope angle. The subscript 0 denotes initial values

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