Fig. 3

Temporal evolution of the TLE and PDE atmospheres. a The \({\mathrm{TOC}}\), b the \({\mathrm{HW}}\), c the \({\mathrm{VW}}\) and d \(\mathrm{T}_{\mathrm{strat}}\), respectively. The \({\mathrm{TOC}}\), \({\mathrm{HW}}\), and \({\mathrm{T}}_{\mathrm{strat}}\) of the TLE are exponentially decaying to their steady-state value with an e-folding time of 30, 15 and 20 days, respectively. The \({\mathrm{VW}}\) of the TLE is exponentially increasing to its steady-state value with an e-folding time of 15 days