Fig. 10

Water quality (turbidity and pH) and rainfall changes following the 2014 eruption. a Index map. Pyroclastic density current area is from Nakano et al. (2014); ash-fall area is from Oikawa et al. (2014). This map was generated with AW3D30 by JAXA. b pH graph. c Turbidity graph. d Rainfall graph from the Automated Meteorological Data Acquisition System (AMeDAS) data for “Ontakesan.” b–d were made using data from the River Department, Chubu Regional Bureau, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (2014–2015) and AMeDAS data from the Japan Meteorological Agency