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Earth, Planets and Space
Fig. 1 | Earth, Planets and Space

Fig. 1

From: Prompt penetration electric fields and the extreme topside ionospheric response to the June 22–23, 2015 geomagnetic storm as seen by the Swarm constellation

Fig. 1

Variations of the interplanetary and geophysical parameters during the intense geomagnetic storm of June 21–23, 2015: a—solar wind speed (Vsw, black) and solar wind ram pressure (Psw, red); b—Ey component of the interplanetary electric field (IEF Ey, red) and the Bz component of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF Bz, black) in GSM coordinates; c—the auroral electrojet (AE) index (gray bars) and index of geomagnetic activity SYM-H (red). All data are from the OMNIWeb data services (http://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov), for the bow nose location, and are 5-min-averaged. The vertical gray line separates the 2 days of the storm, and the vertical dashed lines shows the time of the two CME1 and CME2 arrivals at 05:45 UT and at 18:30 UT. The light red rectangle indicates the first sub-phase of the storm (from 18.5 to 2.5 UT), and the light orange rectangle delimits the second sub-phase of the storm (from 2.5 to ~6 UT)

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