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Earth, Planets and Space
Fig. 2 | Earth, Planets and Space

Fig. 2

From: Prompt penetration electric fields and the extreme topside ionospheric response to the June 22–23, 2015 geomagnetic storm as seen by the Swarm constellation

Fig. 2

Results from Swarm A a (SWA) on the dayside orbit (ascending, equator crossing at ~11 LT, red curves) and on the nightside orbit (descending, ~23 LT, blue curves). The VTEC data are shown in columns b and c, the electron density Ne is shown in columns c and f. Column d shows latitudinal profiles of the EEJ as obtained from the magnetic data from Swarm and magnetic field models on the dayside orbits (i.e., on the ascending ones). For all parameters, the storm-time values (light thick curves) are compared with the quiet-time values for the day before (thin dark curves). The corresponding satellite trajectories for both the event day and the day before are shown in column a. The UT time of the beginning and ending of the dayside and nightside satellite trajectories is indicated in columns b and e

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