Fig. 5
From: Slip-partitioned surface ruptures for the Mw 7.0 16 April 2016 Kumamoto, Japan, earthquake
A better estimate of a near-surface fault dip from a combination of surface profiling and waterway tunnel deformation. a Photograph of a fault scarp on a mountain slope, beneath which the waterway tunnel is deformed. Inset shows a photograph of the deformed waterway bed in the tunnel. b Profiles of the ground surface and waterway bed based on a laser distance meter survey. Dashed gray lines indicate possible surface fault dips, and a dip of 60° best fits the location of the fault scarp and the deformation zone