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Fig. 11 | Earth, Planets and Space

Fig. 11

From: Ground motion estimation for the elevated bridges of the Kyushu Shinkansen derailment caused by the foreshock of the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake based on the site-effect substitution method

Fig. 11

The relative velocity response spectra calculated from the observed ground motions at JKM and MKM (black lines) and the estimated ground motions at MKM and SNK (red lines) with the guideline spectrum (gray lines). The damping ratio is 0.05. At MKM, the similarity between the black traces and red traces indicates the applicability of this ground motion estimation method (see c and d). At JKM, the observed response spectra are almost included within the guideline spectrum (see a and b); at SNK, the estimated response spectra exceed the guideline spectrum within the natural period range from 0.1 to 1 s (see e and f)

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