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Earth, Planets and Space
Fig. 1 | Earth, Planets and Space

Fig. 1

From: Competition between winds and electric fields in the formation of blanketing sporadic E layers at equatorial regions

Fig. 1

Ionograms over São Luís on January 5, 2005, from 1415 to 1615 UT. The red arrows indicate the presence of Esb layers that initiated in the previous ionograms under the action of tidal winds (black arrows). The blue arrows indicate the presence of Esq trace. The black vertical line indicates the frequency where reflection from F layer starts (f minF). In the ionograms, the overhead reflections for ordinary and extraordinary waves are red and green, respectively

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