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Earth, Planets and Space
Fig. 4 | Earth, Planets and Space

Fig. 4

From: A reappraisal of instrumental magnetic measurements made in Western Europe before AD 1750: confronting historical geomagnetism and archeomagnetism

Fig. 4

Geomagnetic directional field variations in Western Europe as constrained from historical data and from two geomagnetic field models (Jackson et al. 2000; Pavón-Carrasco et al. 2009). The individual archeomagnetic results available in France between AD 1500 and 1700 are grayed out, whereas the selected instrumental measurements have a reddish tint. The average instrumental curve computed in the present study is reported in black-red. The light-blue (gufm1 Paris) and light-green (SCHA Paris) curves display the directions expected at Paris from the gufm1 model (Jackson et al. 2000) and from the regional European geomagnetic field model constructed by Pavón-Carrasco et al. (2009), respectively. Similarly, the dark-blue (gufm1 Rome reduc. to Paris) and dark-green (SCHA Rome reduc. to Paris) curves show the directions expected at Rome after their transfer to the latitude of Paris using virtual geomagnetic poles

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