Fig. 1

Possible seismic cases for which a hybrid method of the quasi-Cartesian and Cartesian FDTDs may be useful. a Modeling or inversion for shallow subsurface structure of a localized region by using waveform data at local stations from regional and/or teleseismic events. b Source inversion for a fault in a localized region from local (strong-motion), regional, and teleseismic records. c Modeling or inversion for a very deep structure below a local seismic array using scattered waves from the deep target region