Fig. 15

The seismic traces for vertical plane-wave incidences obtained by the 2D P-SV simulations. a Vertical-component traces for P-wave incidence with the sponge boundary condition. b Horizontal-component traces for S-wave incidence with the sponge boundary condition. c, d same as a, b but with the PML boundary condition. Waveform traces within the absorbing layer are shown as green curves, and traces at the center of the model are shown as thick red curves