Fig. 5

a Estimated GNSS PWV from the MAST measurements along the RYOFU MARU trajectory. White circles represent the radiosonde launch locations. b Distribution of differences of GNSS PWV against radiosonde. Rejected data through the quality control are surrounded by black squares. An inverted triangle in each (a) and (b) indicates the area where a radiosonde launched at 2331UTC on June 10, 2017