Fig. 4From: Midlatitude sporadic-E episodes viewed by L-band split-spectrum InSARMinimum-norm estimates of a nondispersive, b first-order TEC, c second-order TEC (geomagnetic), and d third-order effect derived from the ALOS/PALSAR interferograms in Figs. 2a, b. The sum of the dispersive effects b–d is shown in e Back to article page