Fig. 2

Venus at different wavelengths imaged by Akatsuki and MESSENGER cameras. Top row—(left to right) 283 nm (20160425_171339), 365 nm (20160425_171716) from the UVI camera on Akatsuki, and 430 nm and 480 nm (MESSENGER–MDIS/WA). Second row—560, 630, 700 and 750 nm (MDIS-WA). Third row—830, 900, 950 and 1000 nm (MDIS-WA). Bottom row—900 nm from Akatsuki (ir1_20160506_180208_09d), 1020 nm (MDIS-WA), 2020 nm from Akatsuki (ir2_20160506_180824_202) and 10–14 µm from Akatsuki (lir_201506_182053_pic). All MESSENGER images have been high-pass filtered to bring out the very low-contrast features. The MESSENGER images have been normalized using the Minnaert scattering function to bring out global-scale contrasts