Fig. 1From: El Niño–Southern Oscillation effect on quasi-biennial oscillations of temperature diurnal tides in the mesosphere and lower thermosphereAmplitude of the two dominant diurnal tides DW1 (diurnal westward wavenumber 1) and DE3 (diurnal eastward wavenumber 3) from GAIA and TIMED/SABER temperature at an altitude of 100 km. (Bottom) Red and blue (exceeding the threshold of ± 0.5 °C) on the Oceanic Niño Index (ONI) indicate the ENSO (El Niño–Southern Oscillation) warm and cold phasesBack to article page