Fig. 5

The variation in the mechanical damages by PDC. Yellow arrow indicates the flow direction of the PDC in each location. a The western flank of Shindake, ~ 1 km from the crater. The trees had fallen down and were buried by the block-and-ash flow deposit (Zone c). All trees in the right of the far field had fallen down toward the flank (Zone d). Most of trees in the left of the far field remained standing (Zone e). b The trees broken and fallen down by the blast of the PDC in the western flank of Shindake, ~ 1 km from the crater. c Melted and deformed plastic plates on the electric pillar in Zone d. d Small impact pits on the wood pillar in Zone d ~ 2 km from the crater