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Table 3 Storm time periods analyzed in this study

From: Improvements and validation of the IRI UP method under moderate, strong, and severe geomagnetic storms

Storm number

Main phase day [dd mm yyyy]

A p

Kp max

Analyzed period [dd-dd mm-mm yyyy]

R 12

Solar cycle 23

 1

22 01 2004

64

7

21–26 01 2004 (Str)

80.1

 2

27 07 2004

186

9 −

2231 07 2004 (Sev)

64.8

 3

10 11 2004

161

9 −

0614 11 2004 (Sev)

56.6

 4

18 01 2005

84

8 −

1625 01 2005 (Sev)

54.5

 5

05 04 2005

50

7

04–09 04 2005 (Str)

49.3

 6

08 05 2005

91

8 +

07–12 05 2005 (Sev)

45.0

 7

15 05 2005

87

8 +

14–19 05 2005 (Sev)

45.0

 8

30 05 2005

90

8 −

294 0506 2005 (Sev)

45.0

 9

12 06 2005

54

7 +

11–16 06 2005 (Str)

44.5

 10

23 06 2005

50

7

22–27 06 2005 (Str)

44.5

 11

10 07 2005

57

6 +

09–14 07 2005 (Mod)

44.6

 12

24 08 2005

102

9 −

23–28 08 2005 (Sev)

41.9

 13

11 09 2005

101

8 −

1016 09 2005 (Sev)

39.4

 14

14 04 2006

65

7

13–18 04 2006 (Str)

27.0

 15

15 12 2006

94

8 +

14–19 12 2006 (Sev)

20.2

Solar cycle 24

 16

05 04 2010

55

8 −

04–09 04 2010 (Sev)

20.8

 17

09 03 2012

87

8

08–13 03 2012 (Sev)

98.3

 18

15 07 2012

78

7

14–19 07 2012 (Str)

84.5

 19

17 03 2013

72

7 −

16–21 03 2013 (Str)

84.4

 20

01 06 2013

58

7

3005 0506 2013 (Str)

90.6

 21

29 06 2013

50

6 +

28–02 06–07 2013 (Mod)

90.6

 22

02 10 2013

58

8 −

01–06 10 2013 (Sev)

107.0

 23

17 03 2015

108

8 −

16–21 03 2015 (Sev)

82.2

 24

22 06 2015

57

8 −

21–26 06 2015 (Sev)

72.1

 25

27 08 2015

52

6 +

26–31 08 2015 (Mod)

66.4

 26

09 09 2015

60

7

08–13 09 2015 (Str)

65.9

 27

07 10 2015

74

7 +

06–11 10 2015 (Str)

64.3

 28

20 12 2015

70

7 −

19–24 12 2015 (Str)

57.8

 29

08 05 2016

70

6+

07–12 05 2016 (Mod)

36.0

 30

25 10 2016

57

6+

24–29 10 2016 (Mod)

31.5

  1. The main phase day (MPD), Ap daily mean, and Kp max geomagnetic indices values as recorded during the MPD, analyzed periods, and the R12 solar activity index are shown for each considered moderate (Mod), strong (Str), and severe (Sev) geomagnetic storm. Periods characterized by significant substorms are highlighted in italics